Oil above $100 is not just an energy story. It is a live case study in cost-push inflation, aggregate supply, economic growth and monetary policy.

Quick answer Price stability means low and predictable inflation rather than zero price changes. Inflation is usually measured by a consumer price index, and can arise from excess demand, rising costs or imported price shocks. Key ideas at a glance Inflation type Main cause Typical consequence Demand-pull Aggregate demand rises faster than productive capacity Higher general price level and possible output pressure Cost-push Input costs, taxes or exchange-rate effects raise co